Türkçede 'dün evdeydim', 'çocukken utangaçtım' derken geçmişi -di ekiyle veririz. İngilizcede bu bilgi ayrı bir sözcükle verilir: I was at home yesterday. I was shy as a child. Bu sözcük was ya da were olur. Was / were, am / is / are'ın geçmiş biçimidir ve aynı cümle kalıbını kullanır: özneden sonra was / were, arkasından bir isim, bir sıfat, bir yer ya da bir yaş. Değişen tek şey zamandır. Bu sayfada cümlede başka bir fiil yoktur.
Özne + was / were + bilgi
Subject + was / were + noun / adjective / place / age
I, he, she, it ve tekil isimlerle was; you, we, they ve çoğul isimlerle were. You tek bir kişi için de were alır: 'You were right.'
Hangi özne hangi biçimi alır
| Özne | Şimdi | Geçmiş | Örnek |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | am | was | I was tired last night. |
| you | are | were | You were late yesterday. |
| he / she / it | is | was | It was cold on Sunday. |
| we | are | were | We were at the beach last week. |
| they | are | were | They were hungry after the match. |
| tekil isim (the film, my dad) | is | was | The film was great. |
| çoğul isim (the tickets, my friends) | are | were | The tickets were cheap. |
Özne
I
Şimdi
am
Geçmiş
was
Örnek
I was tired last night.
Özne
you
Şimdi
are
Geçmiş
were
Örnek
You were late yesterday.
Özne
he / she / it
Şimdi
is
Geçmiş
was
Örnek
It was cold on Sunday.
Özne
we
Şimdi
are
Geçmiş
were
Örnek
We were at the beach last week.
Özne
they
Şimdi
are
Geçmiş
were
Örnek
They were hungry after the match.
Özne
tekil isim (the film, my dad)
Şimdi
is
Geçmiş
was
Örnek
The film was great.
Özne
çoğul isim (the tickets, my friends)
Şimdi
are
Geçmiş
were
Örnek
The tickets were cheap.
Şimdi mi, geçmiş mi?
Hangi biçimin geleceğini zaman sözcüğü söyler. Now, today, this week gibi sözcüklerle am / is / are; yesterday, last week, in 2019 gibi sözcüklerle was / were.
Şimdi: am / is / are
Bugünkü durum.
I am at home now.
Şu an evdeyim.
The weather is sunny today.
Bugün hava güneşli.
Geçmiş: was / were
Geçmişteki durum.
I was at home yesterday.
Dün evdeydim.
The weather was rainy last weekend.
Geçen hafta sonu hava yağmurluydu.
Geçmiş zaman sözcükleriyle
We were in Bursa last summer.
Geçen yaz Bursa'daydık.
last summer, last week, last night.
My grandfather was a farmerçiftçi.
Dedem çiftçiydi.
Artık çiftçi değil; bilgi geçmişe ait.
The shops were closed two days ago.
İki gün önce dükkânlar kapalıydı.
two days ago, a week ago.
I was six in 2015.
2015'te altı yaşındaydım.
Yaş da was / were ile söylenir.
Olumlu, olumsuz, soru
Kurallar am / is / are ile aynıdır: olumsuzda arkasına not gelir, soruda was / were öznenin önüne geçer. Did kullanılmaz.
Olumlu
Subject + was / were + ...
Was ve were kısaltılmaz: 'I was', 'they were'.
She was at the library on Friday.
Cuma günü kütüphanedeydi.
My brothers were good at football.
Ağabeylerim futbolda iyiydi.
Olumsuz
Subject + was / were + not + ...
was not → wasn't, were not → weren't.
The test wasn't difficult.
Sınav zor değildi.
We weren't at school yesterday.
Dün okulda değildik.
Soru
Was / Were + subject + ...?
Was / were başa gelir. Kısa cevap: Yes, I was. / No, they weren't.
Were you at the party last night?
Dün gece partide miydin?
Was the hotel clean?
Otel temiz miydi?
Şimdi sen dene: was mı, were mi
1 / 3
The bus ___ full yesterday morning.
Kısa cevap ve soru sözcükleri
Evet / hayır sorusuna özne + was / were ile kısa cevap verilir: 'Was it cold?' → 'Yes, it was.' ya da 'No, it wasn't.' Sorudaki you cevapta I ya da we olur: 'Were you tired?' → 'Yes, I was.'
Where, how, who, why gibi soru sözcükleri en başa gelir, sonra was / were, sonra özne: Where were you on Saturday? How was your holiday? Who was your first teacher? Why were they angry?
'How was...?' bir şeyin nasıl geçtiğini sorar: 'How was the concert?' → 'It was great.'
Soru ve kısa cevap örnekleri
Was your teacher happy with the results? – Yes, she was.
Öğretmenin sonuçlardan memnun muydu? – Evet, memnundu.
Were the windows open? – No, they weren't.
Pencereler açık mıydı? – Hayır, değildi.
Where were you at eight o'clock?
Saat sekizde neredeydin?
How was the trip?
Yolculuk nasıl geçti?
Şimdi sen dene: olumsuz, soru, kısa cevap
1 / 3
___ Emre at the meeting yesterday?
Sık yapılan hatalar
You ile was kullanmak
Yanlış kullanım: You was very kind.
Doğru kullanım: You were very kind.
You tek bir kişiyi anlatsa da her zaman were alır, tıpkı şimdiki zamanda 'you are' dediğimiz gibi.
Geçmişte am / is / are kullanmak
Yanlış kullanım: Yesterday I am at the dentist.
Doğru kullanım: Yesterday I was at the dentist.
Yesterday, last week, in 2020 gibi bir zaman sözcüğü varsa durum geçmiştedir: am / is / are değil, was / were.
Soruda did kullanmak
Yanlış kullanım: Did you at home last night?
Doğru kullanım: Were you at home last night?
Did, başka bir fiil olan geçmiş cümlelerin sorusunda gelir (Did you call?). İsim, sıfat ve yer cümlelerinde soru was / were ile kurulur.
Hızlı kontrol
- Zaman sözcüğüne bakNow, today → am / is / are. Yesterday, last week, ago, in 2019 → was / were.
- Özneye bakI, he, she, it ve tekil isim → was. You, we, they ve çoğul isim → were.
- Soruda did yok'She was tired' → 'Was she tired?' Yalnız was öne geçer.
- Kısa cevapYes, I was. / No, they weren't. Özne sorudaki kişiye uyar.
Özet
- Was / were, am / is / are'ın geçmiş biçimidir; cümle kalıbı aynıdır.
- I, he, she, it ve tekil isimler → was; you, we, they ve çoğul isimler → were.
- You tek kişi için de were alır: You were right.
- Olumsuz: wasn't, weren't. Soru: Was / Were + özne...? Did kullanılmaz.
- Kısa cevap: Yes, I was. / No, they weren't.
- Yesterday, last week, ago, in 2019 gibi sözcükler geçmişi gösterir.